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Kolmanskop (Afrikaans for Coleman's head, German: Kolmannskuppe) is a ghost town in the Namib in southern Namibia, ten kilometres inland from the port town of Lüderitz. It was named after a transport driver named Johnny Coleman who, during a sand storm, abandoned his ox wagon on a small incline opposite the settlement.^[1] Once a small but very rich mining village, it is now a tourist destination run by the joint firm Namibia-De Beers.

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In 1908, the worker Zacharias Lewala found a diamond while working in this area and showed it to his supervisor, the German railway inspector August Stauch. Realizing the area was rich in diamonds, German miners began settlement, and soon after the German Empire declared a large area as a 'Sperrgebiet', starting to exploit the diamond field.^[2]

Driven by the enormous wealth of the first diamond miners, the residents built the village in the architectural style of a German town, with amenities and institutions including a hospital, ballroom, power station, school, skittle-alley, theatre and sport-hall, casino, ice factory and the first x-ray-station in the southern hemisphere, as well as the first tram in Africa. It had a railway link to Lüderitz.

The town started to decline after World War II when the diamond-field slowly started to deplete. By the early 50s, the area was in decline. Hastening the town’s demise was the discovery in 1928 of the richest diamond-bearing deposits ever known, on the beach terraces 270 km south of Kolmanskop, near the Orange River. Many of the town’s inhabitants joined the rush to the south, leaving their homes and possessions behind. The new diamond find merely required scouting the beaches as opposed to more difficult mining. The town was ultimately abandoned in 1956. The geological forces of the desert mean that tourists now walk through houses knee-deep in sand. Kolmanskop is popular with photographers for its settings of the desert sands' reclaiming this once-thriving town, and the arid climate preserving the traditional Edwardian architecture in the area. Due to its location within the restricted area (Sperrgebiet) of the Namib desert, tourists need a permit to enter the town.

In popular culture[edit]

• Kolmanskop was used as the location for the South African TV series The Mantis Project (1985). Directed by Manie van Rensburg, produced by Paul Kemp, written by John Cundill, and starred Marius Weyers and Sandra Prinsloo.
• The town was used as one of the locations in the 1993 film Dust Devil.
• The 2000 film The King Is Alive was filmed in Kolmanskop, with the town used as the film's main setting.^[3]
• The town was featured in a 2010 episode of Life After People. The episode focused on the effects of wind and sand upon the various run-down buildings and displayed rooms that were filled with sand.
• The town was used as one of the locations in the 1994 film Lunarcop.
• The town was used in the first episode of the BBC series Wonders of the Universe to help explain entropy and its effect on time.
• The television series Destination Truth in one of its episodes investigated Kolmanskop, rumored to be haunted.
• Tim Walker photographed Agyness Deyn in Kolmanskop, Namibia for Vogue UK in May 2011.
• The 2011 non-narrative film Samsara features shots filmed in Kolmanskop.^[4]
• Featured in 2011 on Season 1, Episode 2 Namibia/Bodie of the television show 'Forgotten Planet'
• The cover of Tame Impala's fourth album, The Slow Rush and its singles were photographed at Kolmanskop by Neil Krug.^[5]

Literature[edit]

• Noli, Gino: Desert Diamonds. Gino Noli, Plettenberg Bay 2010, ISBN978-0-620-40680-2.

Gallery[edit]

• The town sign of Kolmannskuppe.

• Abandoned houses in Kolmanskop.

• Abandoned houses.

• After the depopulation, sand invaded the houses.

• House of the former mine manager.

• Main view of Kolmannskuppe.

• An aerial view of Kolmanskop.

• Ice factory

• Bedroom

• House of the teacher

• 10 Pfennig stamp with postmark Kolmannskuppe 19. 1. 12

• The roomstore furniture store. Inside Kolmanskop ballroom

• Aerial view of Kolmanskop (2017)

• Hospital of Kolmanskop

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^'Kolmanskop'. Namibia Travel Companion 2013. Namibia Travel Companion. Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
2. ^Schneider, G. (2008). Treasures of the Diamond Coast. Windhoek: MacMillan Education. ISBN978-99916-0-968-3.
3. ^The King Is Alive, IMDB
4. ^SAMSARA LOCATION LIST, Cincinnati World Cinema
5. ^Faulkner, Noelle (19 January 2020). 'Tame Impala's Kevin Parker Is Finally Ready To Embrace Fame'. GQ Australia. Retrieved 19 January 2020.

External links[edit]

• 'Kolmanskop Ghost Town Tour'. The Cardboard Box Travel Shop (website). Retrieved 11 November 2013.
• Martin, Grant (3 Sep 2013). 'New Photos from Kolmanskop, Namibia's Abandoned Diamond Ghost Town'. Forbes. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
• 'A Ghost Town Devoured by the Namibian Desert'. Environmental Graffiti (2010). Archived from the original on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.

Salt mining, Avery Island, LouisianaThe island was named after the Avery family, who settled there in the 1830s, but long before that, had found that Avery Island's verdant flora covered a precious natural resource—a massive salt dome. There, Native Americans boiled the Island's briny spring water to extract salt, which they traded to other tribes as far away as central, and.According to records maintained prior to 1999 in the at the, Petite Anse Island, renamed Avery Island in the late 19th century, was purchased by John Craig Marsh of New Jersey in 1818. Marsh operated a sugar plantation on the island's fertile soil.

His daughter, Sarah Craig Marsh, married Daniel Dudley Avery in 1837, thus uniting the Marsh and Avery families. Daniel Dudley Avery hailed from, and was a. In 1849, Daniel became co-owner of his in-law's sugar plantation, and in 1855 he became sole owner.

Avery Island WildlifeDuring the, a mine of pure rock salt was founded on Avery Island in May 1861, which subsequently produced more than 22 million pounds (10,000 metric tons) of salt for the. According to the historian in his The Civil War in Louisiana (1963), the rock salt mine had been well-protected, until General began a push up. After an all-night march, Union Colonel W.K. Kimball, in Winters' words, 'advanced to the beautiful little island and, without opposition, burned eighteen buildings, smashed the steam engines and mining equipment, scattered six hundred barrels of salt awaiting shipping, and brought away a ton of gunpowder left behind by Confederate General 's men.' Before the Civil War, joined the Avery family, by marrying Mary Eliza Avery, daughter of Daniel Dudley Avery and Sarah Marsh Avery.In 1868, McIlhenny founded McIlhenny Company, and began manufacturing. In 1870, he received letters patent for his sauce processing formula. That same basic process is still used today.In 1938, E.A.

McIlhenny established a farm on Avery Island, Louisiana, within shouting distance of the factory where the company that bears his family name makes Tabasco sauce. According to company history, McIlhenny bought his stock of nutrias from a farm in New Orleans, so he was not the first to introduce the creature, a native of southern Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, to North America. That dubious honor belongs to another. What is certain, though, is that McIlhenny, for reasons unknown, released an unknown but probably large number of nutrias into the wild from the confines of Avery Island, and from there they fanned out and proliferated.Avery Island was hit hard in September 2005. According to, the family spent $5 million on constructing a 17-foot (5.2 m)-high levee, pumps, and back-up generators to ensure that future hurricanes will not disrupt Tabasco sauce production.Bird sanctuary. Avery Island, Louisiana-015Under the Avery/McIlhenny family's management, Avery Island has remained a natural paradise, inhabited by many animal species, as well as by exotic plants from throughout the world., or 'Mr.

Ned' as he was affectionately known, founded this bird colony—later called Bird City—around 1895 after had slaughtered by the thousands to provide feathers for ladies'. Edward gathered eight young egrets, raised them in captivity on the Island, and released them in the fall to migrate across the. The following spring the birds returned to the Island with others of their species, a migration that continues today.Exotic plants Edward McIlhenny introduced numerous varieties of, Japanese, Egyptian, and other rare plants to the Island's.

When was discovered on the Island in 1942, he ensured that production crews bypassed trees and buried (or painted them green) to preserve the Island's beauty, wildlife, and utility as a wildlife refuge.Today and are open to the public. Geography Avery Island is surrounded on all sides by (slow-moving, muddy rivers), and; it sits about 130 miles (210 km) west of.

The island was a sugar plantation formerly known as Petite Anse Island. ( Petite Anse means 'Little Cove' in.) Access to the island is via (technically, a very low toll bridge, which charges only on inbound traffic).At its highest point, the island is 163 feet (50 m) above mean sea level. It covers about 2,200 acres (8.9 km 2) and is about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) across at its widest point.Geology Avery Island is actually a huge, three miles (4.8 km) long and two and a half miles (4.0 km) wide. It was created by the upwelling of ancient deposits that exist beneath the region. These upwellings are known as 'salt domes.' Avery Island is one of five salt dome islands that rise above the flat. The Five Islands from northwest to southeast are Jefferson Island, Avery Island, Weeks Island, Cote Blanche Island and Belle Isle.Government and infrastructure The operates the Avery Island Post Office.

Education The operates the public schools in the area. Students attend schools in.

Students are zoned to Center Street Elementary School, Iberia Middle School, and.Avery Island Elementary School (K-6) formerly served the community. After the 2007-2008 school year, students from Avery Island Elementary were moved to Center Street Elementary School. At the time, 118 children attended Avery Island Elementary. While Avery Island Elementary operated, it fed into the same middle and high schools that Center Street feeds into. References and notes. Retrieved 2012-12-10.

^. Retrieved 2012-12-10., The Civil War in Louisiana,:, 1963, pp. Archived from on 2008-04-10.

Retrieved 2012-12-10. Shevory, Kristina. 'The Fiery Family: The McIlhennys Make Tabasco Come What May,' The New York Times, March 31, 2007, pp. C1 and C4. ^.

Archived from on 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2012-12-10. ' February 20, 2011, at the.' Retrieved on September 7, 2011. '100 MAIN RD AVERY ISLAND, LA '. ^ Louis, Randy. Wednesday March 26, 2008.

Retrieved on September 7, 2011. '.' Retrieved on September 7, 2011. '.' Avery Island Elementary School. February 21, 2008.

Retrieved on September 7, 2011. 'Grades: K-6 Avery Island Road New Iberia, LA 70560'.

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