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One of the most popular funk groups of the '70s, were also one of the most eclectic, freely melding soul, Latin, jazz, blues, reggae, and rock influences into an effortlessly funky whole. Although 's lyrics were sometimes political in nature (in keeping with their racially integrated lineup), their music almost always had a sunny, laid-back vibe emblematic of their Southern California roots.
Kept the groove loose, and they were given over to extended jamming; in fact, many of their studio songs were edited together out of longer improvisations. Even if the jams sometimes got indulgent, they demonstrated 's truly group-minded approach: no one soloist or vocalist really stood above the others (even though all were clearly talented), and their grooving interplay placed in the top echelon of funk ensembles.The roots of lay in an R&B cover band called. Guitarist and drummer started the group in 1962 while attending high school in the Compton area, and three years later, the lineup also featured keyboardist, bassist, and saxophonist/flutist (all of them sang). The group had an appetite for different sounds right from the start, ranging from R&B to blues to the Latin music they'd absorbed while growing up in the racially mixed ghettos of Los Angeles. Despite a two-year hiatus following 's induction into the service, they released several singles locally on Dore Records (their first, 'Burn Baby Burn,' was with singer Johnny Hamilton), and backed jazz saxophonist, formerly of the psychedelic band; they also went by the names and during this period. In 1968, the band was reconfigured and dubbed; was the new bassist, and percussionist, who'd previously played with, came onboard, along with two more horn players.
Later returned when died of a drug overdose. In 1969, began backing football star (a defensive end for the L.A. Rams) during his singing performances in a small club, where they were discovered by producer.
Suggested the band as possible collaborators to former lead singer, who along with Danish-born harmonica player (born ) had been searching L.A. Clubs for a new act. After witnessing in concert, took charge of the group. He gave them a provocative new name, and replaced the two extra horn players with. To develop material, began playing marathon concert jams over which would free-associate lyrics. In August 1969, and entered the studio for the first time, and after some more touring, they recorded their first album, 1970's.
The spaced-out daydream of 'Spill the Wine' was a smash hit, climbing to number three and establishing the group in the public eye. A second album, was released before the year's end, and over the course of two records it documented the group's increasingly long improvisations (as well as 's growing tendency to ramble). It also featured 's first recorded vocal effort on 'They Can't Take Away Our Music.'
's contract allowed to be signed separately, and they soon inked a deal with United Artists, intending to record on their own as well as maintaining their partnership with. However, - citing exhaustion - suddenly quit during the middle of the group's European tour in 1971, spelling the beginning of the end; he rejoined for a final U.S. Tour and then left for good.
Had already issued their self-titled, -less debut at the beginning of 1971, but it flopped. Before the year was out, they recorded another effort, which spawned their first Top 40 hits in 'All Day Music' and 'Slippin' Into Darkness'; the album itself was a million-selling Top 20 hit. Really hit their stride on the follow-up album, 1972's; boosted by a sense of multi-cultural harmony, it topped the charts and sold over three million copies, making it the best-selling album of 1973. It also produced two Top Ten smashes in 'The Cisco Kid' (which earned them a fervent following in the Latino community) and the title ballad. 1973's was another million-selling hit, reaching the Top Ten and producing the Top Ten single 'Gypsy Man' and another hit in 'Me and Baby Brother.' However, it had less of the urban grit that prided themselves on; while taking some time to craft new material and rethink their direction, consolidated their success with the double concert LP, recorded over four nights in Chicago during 1974. Released in 1975, returned to the sound of with considerable success.
The bright, anthemic title track hit the Top Ten, as did 'Low Rider,' an irresistible slice of Latin funk that became the group's first (and only) R&B chart-topper, and still stands as their best-known tune. 1976 brought the release of a greatest-hits package featuring the new song 'Summer,' which actually turned out to be 's final Top Ten pop hit; the same year, released his first solo album, backed by members of. Grim fandango remastered reviews. A double-LP compilation of jams and instrumentals appeared on the Blue Note jazz label in 1977, under the title; it quickly became one of the best-selling albums in Blue Note history, and produced an R&B-chart smash with an edited version of 'L.A. Yet disco was beginning to threaten the gritty, socially aware funk specialized in. Later in 1977, the band switched labels, moving to MCA for; though it sold respectably, and the disco-tinged title track was a hit on the R&B charts, it fizzled on the pop side, and proved to be the last time would hit the Top 40.
After completing the soundtrack album in 1978, the original lineup began to disintegrate. Left during the recording of 1979's (which featured new female vocalist ), and not long after, was murdered in a robbery attempt. After was released, the remaining members attempted to refashion their image to fit the glitz of the era, and added some new personnel: bassist, percussionist, and saxophonist (ex-). Flopped, and the group was thrown into disarray; exited, and the follow-up took an uncharacteristic three years to prepare.
Released in 1982, was a moderate success; the title track was a Top 20 R&B hit, and 'Cinco de Mayo' became a Latino holiday standard. Yet it didn't restore 's commercial standing.
Left later in the year; followed in 1983, after flopped; and was replaced with in 1984. In the years that followed, was essentially a touring outfit and nothing more. Collapsed and died on-stage of a brain aneurysm in 1988, leaving, and as the core membership ( would finally leave in 1992).
Interest in 's classic material remained steady, however, thanks to frequent sampling of their grooves by hip-hop artists. 1992's paired the band with a variety of rappers, paving the way for the 1994 comeback attempt; for that record, returned on drums, and (now on bass), and were joined by saxophonists and, percussionist, harmonica player, and 's son, programmer (plus guests and ). The album failed to chart, however, and the group returned to the touring circuit. And left the lineup in 1997.
Continued to tour with a new version of the band in which he was the only original performing member. In 2008, performed a one-off reunion date with at London's Royal Albert Hall as a precursor to the Rhino reissues of his albums with the band, and a pair of compilations. Later that year, 's issued the audio/video live package entitled, covering material from the band's best-known era, 1969-1975. In 2009 the group was nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, but failed to secure enough votes for induction.